:root{--font-display: "MetroSung", "Noto Serif TC", "Noto Serif HK", "Source Han Serif TC", "Songti TC", serif;--font-body: "Inter", "Noto Sans HK", "PingFang HK", system-ui, sans-serif;--font-mono: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", "Menlo", monospace;--color-ink: #0a0a0a;--color-ink-2: #404040;--color-slate: #6b7280;--color-slate-2: #94a3b8;--color-rule: #e5e7eb;--color-ground: #ffffff;--color-ground-soft: #fafafa;--color-cyan: #4ed7f1;--color-cyan-pale: #a8f1ff;--color-cyan-dark: #0369a1;--color-yellow: #fffa8d;--color-yellow-edge: #fce96a;--color-yellow-dark: #a16207;--color-orange: #f97316;--color-orange-dark: #c2410c;--color-red: #dc2626;--color-red-pale: #fecdd3;--color-rose-bg: #fff1f2}html,body{font-family:var(--font-body);color:var(--color-ink);background:var(--color-ground)}#observablehq-main{max-width:none;padding:0 120px}@media(max-width:900px){#observablehq-main{padding:0 24px}}#observablehq-header,#observablehq-footer{max-width:none;padding-left:120px;padding-right:120px;font-family:var(--font-body);color:var(--color-slate);font-size:13px}@media(max-width:900px){#observablehq-header,#observablehq-footer{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px}}#observablehq-header a,#observablehq-footer a{color:var(--color-ink);border-bottom:1px solid transparent}#observablehq-header a:hover,#observablehq-footer a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--color-ink)}#observablehq-header{padding-top:28px;padding-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-line);margin-bottom:8px}.site-header{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:32px;flex-wrap:wrap}.site-header .brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:none!important}.site-header .brand-name{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--color-ink)}.site-header 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64px}.chapter-row{display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:stretch;gap:24px;width:100%}.chapter-card{flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px;padding:28px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--color-rule);min-height:200px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:border-color .15s ease}.chapter-card:hover{border-color:var(--color-ink)}.chapter-card .top{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.chapter-card .chapter-num{font-family:var(--font-body);font-weight:700;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--color-slate)}.chapter-card .arrow{width:32px;height:32px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-family:Inter,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;color:var(--color-ink);background:var(--color-cyan-pale)}.chapter-card.yellow .arrow{background:var(--color-yellow)}.chapter-card .title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:24px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--color-ink)}.chapter-card 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